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The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the Performance Criteria Required Skills and Knowledge the Range Statement and the Assessment Guidelines for this Training Package

Critical aspects of assessment	The individual being assessed must provide evidence of specified essential knowledge as well as skills Consistency of performance should be demonstrated over the required range of situations relevant to the workplace Where for reasons of safety space or access to equipment and resources assessment takes place away from the workplace the assessment environment should represent workplace conditions as closely as possible

Conditions of assessment	This unit includes skills and knowledge specific to Aboriginal andor Torres Strait Islander culture Assessment must therefore be undertaken by a workplace assessor who has expertise in the unit of competency or who has the current qualification being assessed and who is Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander himherself or accompanied and advised by an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person who is a recognised member of the community with experience in primary health care

Context of assessment	Competence should be demonstrated working individually under supervision or as part of a primary health care team working with Aboriginal andor Torres Strait Islander clients Assessment should replicate workplace conditions as far as possible

Related units	This unit may be assessed independently or in conjunction with other units with associated workplace application

Range Statement



The Range Statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Add any essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts.

Cultural respect	This competency standard supports the recognition, protection and continued advancement of the inherent rights, cultures and traditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples It recognises that the improvement of the health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people must include attention to physical, spiritual, cultural, emotional and social well being, community capacity and governance Its application must be culturally sensitive and supportive of traditional healing and health, knowledge and practices

Community control	Community participation and control in decision-making is essential to all aspects of health work, and the role of the health worker is to support the community in this process

Supervision	Supervision must be conducted in accordance with prevailing state/territory and organisation legislative and regulatory requirements References to supervision may include either direct or indirect supervision of work by more experienced workers, supervisors, managers or other health professionals A person at this level should only be required to make decisions about clients within the organisation's standard treatment protocols and associated guidelines

Legislative requirements	Federal, state or territory legislation may impact on workers' practices and responsibilities. Implementation of the competency standards should reflect the legislative framework in which a health worker operates. It is recognised that this may sometimes reduce the application of the Range of Variables in practice. However, assessment in the workplace or through simulation should address all essential skills and knowledge across the Range of Variables Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Health Workers may be required to operate in situations that do not constitute 'usual practice' due to lack of resources, remote locations and community needs. As a result, they may need to possess more competencies than described by 'usual practice circumstances' Under all circumstances, the employer must enable the worker to function within the prevailing legislative framework

Sexual health check refers to:	A sexual and reproductive health consultation that incorporates assessment (with the client) of: STI risk factors promotion of good sexual health and safe sex practices examination/testing based on risk status, best available evidence and consideration of local circumstances.

Obtaining a client sexual health history involves:	Ensuring confidentiality Building trust Providing explanations for seeking information Obtaining history of current complaint and genital symptoms Sensitive questioning on sexual practices and risk behaviours Eliciting details of sexual contacts

Common sexual health problems include:	Male urethral syndrome (gonorrhoea, chlamydia) Impotence (psychological, medication related, microvascular disease) Inguino-scrotal swellings (hydrocele, hernia, varicocele, testicular tumour) Acute painful testicle (torsion, epididymo-orchitis) Penile disorders (phimosis, balanitis, circumcision complications) Prostatism (benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatic carcinoma) Vaginal discharge (gonorrhoea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis) Female pelvic pain (gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and non-infectious causes such as ovarian complications and ectopic pregnancy) Ulcerative genital disease (herpes simplex virus, syphilis, Donovanosis) Genital lumps (wart virus) Asymptomatic (most of above, plus HIV and Hepatitis B)

Sexual health issues may include:	Rape and sexual assault Family and domestic violence Child sexual abuse Relationships Sexual identities Homophobia Gender, including transgender issues Power and discrimination Menopause Unplanned pregnancy Sexually transmitted infections Sexual behaviours Contraception Management of menstruation, including menstrual problems and pre-menstrual syndrome Sexual coercion Sexual health check ups Impotence Impotence Circumcision complications Puberty Cervical and breast screening

Issues relating to pregnancy may include:	Consideration of options in relation to unwanted pregnancy Provision of information about pregnancy Difficulties associated with pregnancy

Examination/testing of client may include:	Routine examinations for sexual and/or reproductive health problems. More invasive examinations such as: pap smears STI specimen collection

Risk factors for sexually transmitted infection include:	Number of sexual partners Unsafe sex practices Past history of sexually transmissible infections Alcohol or substance misuse Local disease prevalence Frequency of being named as sexual contact of an index case

Screening for STI may include:	Genital inspection for ulceration, pubic lice and discharge Taking genital swabs for gonorrhoea and chlamydia Taking blood for syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis B serology Obtaining a first-pass urine specimen for gonorrhoea and chlamydia PCR testing Acquiring a client-obtained vaginal specimen (tampon or low-vaginal swab) for gonorrhoea and chlamydia PCR testing

Common methods of birth control (and their advantages and disadvantages) include:	Oral contraceptive pill (reliable, safe, need to take daily) Condoms (reduced STI transmission, shared responsibility, high failure rate) Withdrawal (male responsibility, high failure rate) Breast-feeding (high failure rate) Injectable or implantable hormonal contraception (highly reliable, low effort, delayed return of fertility, irregular menses) Post coital ('morning after') pill (nausea) Tubal ligation Vasectomy (reliable)

Ethical, legal and religious issues involved in reproductive choices may include:	Restrictions on termination of pregnancy Access to pharmaceutical supplies Church teachings

Factors that influence reproductive choices for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women may include:	Age of consent Educational attainment Informed decision making Cultural norms for maternal age and numbers of children Coercion

Local beliefs and traditional practices regarding pregnancy and childbirth may include:	Food restrictions in pregnancy Role of traditional midwives Birthing in traditional country

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HLTAHW515B - Provide sexual and reproductive health care

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Elements and Performance Criteria

Required Skills

Evidence Required

Range Statement